Tuesday, 29 May 2012

calcium acetate


Generic Name: calcium acetate (KAL see um AH seh tate)

Brand names: Eliphos, PhosLo Gelcap, Phoslyra, PhosLo, Calphron


What is calcium acetate?

Calcium is a mineral that is needed for many functions of the body, especially bone formation and maintenance. Calcium can also bind to other minerals such as phosphate, and aid in their removal from the body.


Calcium acetate is used to control phosphate levels to keep them from getting too high in people with kidney failure.


Calcium acetate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.


What is the most important information I should know about calcium acetate?


Do not use this medication if you have high levels of calcium in your blood, or if you are also taking digoxin (digitalis, Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps). Do not take additional calcium supplements unless your doctor has told you to.

Avoid using antacids without your doctor's advice. Use only the specific type of antacid your doctor recommends. Many antacids contain calcium and you could be getting too much of this mineral if you take a calcium antacid with calcium acetate.


What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking calcium acetate?


Do not use this medication if you have high levels of calcium in your blood, or if you are also taking digoxin (digitalis, Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps).

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions.


FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether calcium acetate will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether calcium acetate passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take calcium acetate?


Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.


Take this medication with each meal, unless your doctor tells you otherwise.

You may need to keep a food diary to measure how much calcium you are getting in your diet.


To be sure this medication is helping your condition and not causing harmful effects, your blood will need to be tested often. You may also need x-rays to check for calcium deposits around your joints or other soft tissues. Visit your doctor regularly.


Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

See also: Calcium acetate dosage (in more detail)

What happens if I miss a dose?


Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.


What happens if I overdose?


Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include nausea, loss of appetite, dry mouth, increased thirst or urination, constipation, confusion, fainting, or coma.


What should I avoid while taking calcium acetate?


Do not take additional calcium supplements unless your doctor has told you to.

Avoid using antacids without your doctor's advice. Use only the specific type of antacid your doctor recommends. Many antacids contain calcium and you could be getting too much of this mineral if you take a calcium antacid with calcium acetate.


Calcium acetate side effects


Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Less serious side effects are more likely to occur, such as:



  • nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite;




  • constipation;




  • dry mouth or increased thirst; or




  • urinating more than usual.



This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.


Calcium acetate Dosing Information


Usual Adult Dose for Hyperphosphatemia:

Initial: 1334 mg orally with each meal.

Maintenance: The dosage may be increased gradually to lower serum phosphorus levels to the target range, as long as hypercalcemia does not develop. Most patients require 3 to 4 gelcaps or 15 to 20 mL with each meal.


What other drugs will affect calcium acetate?


Tell your doctor about all other medicines you use, especially an antibiotic such as:



  • ciprofloxacin (Cipro);




  • demeclocycline (Declomycin);




  • doxycycline (Doryx, Oracea, Periostat, Vibramycin);




  • gemifloxacin (Factive);




  • levofloxacin (Levaquin);




  • minocycline (Dynacin, Minocin, Solodyn);




  • moxifloxacin (Avelox);




  • norfloxacin (Noroxin);




  • ofloxacin (Floxin); or




  • tetracycline (Ala-Tet, Brodspec, Panmycin, Sumycin, Tetracap).



This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with calcium acetate. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.



More calcium acetate resources


  • Calcium acetate Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Calcium acetate Dosage
  • Calcium acetate Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Drug Images
  • Calcium acetate Drug Interactions
  • Calcium acetate Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Calcium acetate - Add your own review/rating


  • calcium acetate Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

  • Calcium Acetate MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Eliphos Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Phoslo Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Phoslyra Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Phoslyra Solution MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)



Compare calcium acetate with other medications


  • Hyperphosphatemia


Where can I get more information?


  • Your pharmacist can provide more information about calcium acetate.

See also: calcium acetate side effects (in more detail)


Sunday, 27 May 2012

Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets


Pronunciation: a-LOO-min-uhm/mag-NEE-zee-um try-SILL-i-kate
Generic Name: Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate
Brand Name: Gaviscon


Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets are used for:

Treating acid indigestion, heartburn, and sour stomach. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.


Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets are an antacid. It works by neutralizing acid in the stomach.


Do NOT use Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets

  • you are also taking citrate salts (found in some calcium supplements, antacids, and laxatives)

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets:


Some medical conditions may interact with Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

  • if you have Alzheimer disease, appendicitis, diarrhea, a stomach blockage, kidney problems, or an ileostomy

  • if you have recently had stomach bleeding

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:


  • Cation exchange resins (eg, sodium polystyrene sulfonate) and citrate salts (found in some calcium supplements, antacids, and laxatives) because they may increase the actions and the risk of Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets's side effects

  • Anticoagulants (eg, warfarin), quinidine, or sulfonylureas (eg, glyburide) because their actions and the risk of their side effects may be increased

  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (eg, enalapril), beta-blockers (eg, propranolol), bisphosphonates (eg, risedronate), cephalosporins (eg, cephalexin), corticosteroids (eg, hydrocortisone), cyclosporine, delavirdine, digoxin, imidazoles (eg, ketoconazole), mycophenolate, penicillamine, quinolones (eg, ciprofloxacin), tetracyclines (eg, doxycycline), or thyroid hormones (eg, levothyroxine) because their effectiveness may be decreased by Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets, especially when taken at the same time as Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets:


Use Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • Take Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets by mouth with or without food.

  • Chew thoroughly before swallowing.

  • Do not use Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets within 2 hours before or after taking a beta-blocker (eg, propranolol), bisphosphonate (eg, risedronate), cephalosporin (eg, cephalexin), corticosteroid (eg, hydrocortisone), delavirdine, digoxin, imidazole (eg, ketoconazole), penicillamine, or sulfonylurea (eg, glyburide) because their effectiveness may be decreased by Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets.

  • If you miss a dose of Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets and you are taking it regularly, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets.



Important safety information:


  • Do NOT take more than the recommended dose or take the maximum dose for longer than 2 weeks without checking with your doctor.

  • If your symptoms do not get better within 2 weeks or if they get worse, or if you experience black, tarry stools or vomit that looks like coffee grounds, check with your doctor.

  • Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets has aluminum and magnesium in it. Before you begin taking any new prescription or over-the-counter medicine, read the ingredients to see has aluminum or magnesium in it too. If it does or if you are not sure, check with your doctor or pharmacist.

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets while you are pregnant. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.


Possible side effects of Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:



Constipation; diarrhea.



Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); loss of appetite; muscle weakness; nausea; slow reflexes; vomiting.



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.



If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.


Proper storage of Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets:

Store Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Store in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets are to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Chewable Tablets. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate resources


  • Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Drug Interactions
  • Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate Support Group
  • 3 Reviews for Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate - Add your own review/rating


Compare Aluminum/Magnesium Trisilicate with other medications


  • GERD
  • Indigestion

Friday, 25 May 2012

Refraction, Assessment Medications


Definition of Refraction, Assessment: Bending of waves as they pass from a medium having one refractive index to a medium

Drugs associated with Refraction, Assessment

The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Refraction, Assessment. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.





Drug List:

Wednesday, 23 May 2012

Benylin Chesty Coughs (Non-Drowsy) (McNeil Products Ltd)





1. Name Of The Medicinal Product



BENYLIN Chesty Coughs (Non-drowsy)



Benylin Mucus Cough


2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition



BENYLIN Chesty Coughs (Non-drowsy) contains 100 mg guaifenesin and 1.1 mg levomenthol in each 5 ml.



3. Pharmaceutical Form



Clear red syrup



4. Clinical Particulars



4.1 Therapeutic Indications



BENYLIN Chesty Coughs (Non-drowsy) is indicated for the symptomatic relief of cough.



4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration



Adults and children aged 12 years and over:



Oral. Two 5 ml spoonfuls four times a day.



Children under 12 years:



Benylin Chesty Coughs (Non Drowsy) is contraindicated in children under the age of 12 years (see section 4.3).



The Elderly:



As for adults.



Hepatic/renal dysfunction



Experience with the use of this product suggests that normal adult dosage is appropriate for mild to moderate dysfunction. Caution should be exercised in severe hepatic and severe renal impairment. [See Pharmacokinetics].



Do not exceed the stated dose.



Keep out of the reach and sight of children.



4.3 Contraindications



BENYLIN Chesty Coughs (Non-drowsy) is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to the product, or any of its components.



Not to be used in children under the age of 12 years.



4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use



BENYLIN Chesty Coughs (Non-drowsy) should be not used for persistent or chronic cough, such as occurs with asthma, or where cough is accompanied by excessive secretions, unless directed by a physician.



Caution should be exercised when using the product in the presence of severe renal or severe hepatic impairment, [See Pharmacokinetics].



4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction



If urine is collected within 24 hours of a dose of BENYLIN Chesty Coughs (Non-drowsy) a metabolite of guaifenesin may cause a colour interference with laboratory determinations of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5-HIAA ) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA ).



4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation



Insufficient information is available on the effects of administration of BENYLIN Chesty Coughs (Non-drowsy) during human pregnancy. BENYLIN Chesty Coughs (Non-drowsy), like most medicines, should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefit of treatment to the mother outweighs the possible risks to the developing foetus.



Guaifenesin is excreted in breast milk in small amounts with no effect expected on the infant.



4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines



No special comment - unlikely to produce an effect



4.8 Undesirable Effects



Side effects resulting from guaifenesin administration are very rare.



Adverse reactions to menthol at the low concentration present in BENYLIN Chesty Coughs (Non-drowsy) are not anticipated.



4.9 Overdose



Symptoms and signs



The symptoms and signs of overdose may include gastro-intestinal discomfort, nausea and drowsiness.



Treatment



Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive.



5. Pharmacological Properties



5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties



Guaifenesin is thought to exert its pharmacological action by stimulating receptors in the gastric mucosa. This increases the output from secretory glands of the gastrointestinal system and reflexly increases the flow of fluids from glands lining the respiratory tract. The result is an increase in volume and decrease in viscosity of bronchial secretions. Other actions may include stimulating vagal nerve endings in bronchial secretory glands and stimulating certain centres in the brain which in turn enhance respiratory fluid flow. Guaifenesin produces its expectorant action within 24 hours.



Menthol has mild local anaesthetic and decongestant properties.



5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties



Absorption



Guaifenesin is well absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract following oral administration, although limited information is available on its pharmacokinetics. After the administration of 600 mg guaifenesin to healthy adult volunteers, the Cmax was approximately 1.4 ug/ml, with tmax occurring approximately 15 minutes after drug administration.



Distribution



No information is available on the distribution of guaifenesin or menthol in humans.



Metabolism and elimination



Guaifenesin appears to undergo both oxidation and demethylation. Following an oral dose of 600 mg guaifenesin to 3 healthy male volunteers, the t½ was approximately 1 hour and the drug was not detectable in the blood after approximately 8 hours.



Menthol is hydroxylated in the liver by microsomal enzymes to p-methane -3,8 diol. This is then conjugated with glucuronide and excreted both in urine and bile as the glucuronide.



Pharmacokinetics in Renal/Hepatic Impairment



There have been no specific studies of BENYLIN Chesty Coughs (Non drowsy), menthol or guaifenesin in hepatic or renal impairment.



Pharmacokinetics in the Elderly



There have been no specific studies in the use of BENYLIN Chesty Coughs (Non-drowsy), menthol or guaifenesin in the elderly.



5.3 Preclinical Safety Data



Carcinogenicity



There is insufficient information available to determine whether guaifenesin or menthol have carcinogenic potential.



Mutagenicity



There is insufficient information available to determine whether guaifenesin has mutagenic potential.



The results of a range of tests suggest that menthol does not have a mutagenic potential.



Teratogenicity



There is insufficient information available to determine whether guaifenesin has teratogenic potential.



The results of a number of studies suggest that the administration of menthol does not produce any statistically significant teratogenic effects in rats, rabbits and mice.



Fertility



There is insufficient information available to determine whether guaifenesin or menthol have the potential to impair fertility.



6. Pharmaceutical Particulars



6.1 List Of Excipients



Sodium benzoate



Sucrose



Liquid glucose



Glycerol



Citric acid monohydrate



Sodium citrate



Saccharin sodium



Ethanol 96%



Caramel T12



Ponceau 4R (E124)



Concentrated raspberry essence double strength



Natural sweetness enhancer



Carbomer



Purified water



6.2 Incompatibilities



None known



6.3 Shelf Life



3 years



6.4 Special Precautions For Storage



Do not store above 30°C.



6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container



125, 150, 200 or 300ml amber glass bottles with a 2 piece or a 3 piece plastic child resistant, tamper evident closure fitted with a polyterephtalate ethylene faced aluminium/expanded polyethylene laminated wad



6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling



None applicable.



Administrative Data


7. Marketing Authorisation Holder



McNeil Products Limited



Foundation Park



Roxborough Way



Maidenhead



Berkshire



SL6 3UG



United Kingdom



8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)



PL 15513/0056



9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation



15 December 1997



10. Date Of Revision Of The Text



05 March 2010




Monday, 21 May 2012

histamine Intradermal


HIS-ta-meen


Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.


  • Histatrol

Available Dosage Forms:


  • Solution

  • Injectable

Therapeutic Class: Diagnostic Agent


Uses For histamine


Histamine is used to help diagnose problems or disease of the stomach. This test determines how much acid your stomach produces.


How the stomach test is done: Before histamine is given, the stomach contents are emptied through a tube. Then the dose of histamine, which is based on body weight, is injected under the skin. Five minutes later, the stomach contents are emptied and tested for acidity. This procedure may be repeated several times. An antihistamine medicine may be given before the histamine is injected to prevent a possible unwanted effect.


Histamine is to be used only under the supervision of a doctor.


Before Using histamine


In deciding to use a diagnostic test, any risks of the test must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. Also, other things may affect test results. For this test, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to histamine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


There is no specific information comparing the use of histamine in children with use in other age groups.


Geriatric


Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults or if they cause different side effects or problems in older people. There is no specific information comparing use of histamine in the elderly with use in other age groups.


Breast Feeding


There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.


Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.


Other Medical Problems


The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this diagnostic test. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:


  • Heart disease or

  • High blood pressure (severe) or

  • Low blood pressure or

  • Lung disease (especially asthma)—May make these conditions worse.

  • Kidney disease (severe)—Use with caution. The effects may be increased because of slower removal of the medicine from the body.

  • Pheochromocytoma—Histamine may cause serious damage to the brain and blood vessels.

Proper Use of histamine


A nurse or other trained health professional will give you histamine in a hospital. histamine is given through a needle placed under the skin.


Precautions While Using histamine


Do not swallow saliva during the test. The saliva may affect the results of the test.


histamine Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur:


More common
  • Dizziness

  • fainting

  • fast or pounding heartbeat

  • headache (continuing or severe)

  • lightheadedness

  • nervousness

Less common or rare
  • Bluish coloration of face

  • blurred vision

  • chest discomfort or pain

  • convulsions (seizures)

  • decrease in blood pressure (sudden)

  • diarrhea (severe)

  • difficulty with breathing

  • flushing or redness of the face

  • nausea and vomiting (severe)

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


More common
  • Abdominal spasms or cramps

  • diarrhea

  • metallic taste

  • nausea or vomiting

  • stomach pain

  • swelling or redness at the place of injection

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: histamine Intradermal side effects (in more detail)



The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.


The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.


More histamine Intradermal resources


  • Histamine Intradermal Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Histamine Intradermal Drug Interactions
  • Histamine Intradermal Support Group
  • 0 Reviews · Be the first to review/rate this drug

Thursday, 17 May 2012

Oilatum Emollient





1. Name Of The Medicinal Product



Oilatum Bath Formula



Oilatum Emollient


2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition



Light Liquid Paraffin 63.4% w/w



3. Pharmaceutical Form



Liquid Bath Additive



4. Clinical Particulars



4.1 Therapeutic Indications



Oilatum Emollient is indicated in the treatment of contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, senile pruritus, ichthyosis and related dry skin conditions. Oilatum Emollient replaces oil and water and hydrates the keratin. Oilatum Emollient is particularly suitable for infant bathing. The preparation also overcomes the problem of cleansing the skin in conditions where the use of soaps, soap substitutes and colloid or oatmeal baths proves irritating.



4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration



Oilatum Emollient should always be used with water, either added to the water or applied to wet skin.



Adult bath:



Add 1-3 capfuls to an 8-inch bath of water, soak for 10-20 minutes. Pat dry.



Infant bath:



Add ½-2 capfuls to a basin of water, Apply gently over entire body with a sponge. Pat dry.



Skin cleansing:



Rub a small amount of oil into wet skin. Rinse and pat dry.



Where conditions permit, and particularly in cases of extensive areas of dry skin, Oilatum Emollient should be used as a bath oil, ensuring complete coverage by immersion. In addition to the therapeutic benefits, this method of use provides a means of sedating tense patients, particularly relevant in cases of acute pruritic dermatoses where relaxation of tension appears to relieve symptoms.



The product is suitable for use in adults, children and the elderly.



4.3 Contraindications



None



4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use



The patient should be advised to use care to avoid slipping in the bath. If a rash or skin irritation occurs, stop using the product and consult your doctor.



4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction



None known



4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation



There is no, or inadequate, evidence of the safety of Oilatum Emollient in human pregnancy or lactation, but it has been in wide use for many years without ill consequence.



4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines



None



4.8 Undesirable Effects



None



4.9 Overdose



Not applicable



5. Pharmacological Properties



5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties



Light liquid paraffin exerts an emollient effect by forming an occlusive oil film on the stratum corneum. This prevents excessive evaporation of water from the skin surface and aids in the prevention of dryness.



5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties



Not applicable



5.3 Preclinical Safety Data



Not applicable



6. Pharmaceutical Particulars



6.1 List Of Excipients



Acetylated Lanolin Alcohols



Isopropyl Palmitate



Polyethylene Glycol 400 dilaurate



Polyoxyethylene 40 sorbital septaoleate



Floral Spice



6.2 Incompatibilities



None



6.3 Shelf Life



5 years



6.4 Special Precautions For Storage



None



6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container



High density polyethylene bottles with a screw cap. Capacity: 25ml, 150ml, 200ml, 250ml, 300ml, 350ml, 400ml, 500ml, 600ml, 1000ml.



6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling



There are no special instructions for use or handling



7. Marketing Authorisation Holder



GlaxoSmithKline UK Limited



980 Great West Road



Brentford



Middlesex



TW8 9GS



Trading as Stiefel



Stockley Park West



Uxbridge



Middlesex



UB11 1BT



8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)



PL 19494/0078



9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation



8th December 1989 / 8th July 2008



10. Date Of Revision Of The Text



16 December 2010




Tuesday, 15 May 2012

Mania Medications


Definition of Mania: Bipolar affective disorder is a mood disorder characterized by mood swings from mania (exaggerated feeling of well-being, stimulation, and grandiosity in which a person can lose touch with reality) to depression (overwhelming feelings of sadness, anxiety, and low self-worth, which can include suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts).

Drugs associated with Mania

The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Mania. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

Learn more about Mania





Drug List:

Friday, 11 May 2012

Afrin


Generic Name: oxymetazoline (Nasal route)

ox-i-me-TAZ-oh-leen

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.


  • 4-Way Long Lasting

  • Afrin

  • Duramist Plus

  • Duration

  • Genasal

  • Mucinex Full Force

  • Mucinex Moisture Smart

  • Nasacon

  • Nasin

  • Neo-Synephrine 12 Hour

  • Nostrilla

  • NRS-Nasal Relief

  • Sinarest Nasal

  • Vicks Sinex 12 Hour

Available Dosage Forms:


  • Solution

  • Spray

Therapeutic Class: Decongestant


Chemical Class: Imidazoline


Uses For Afrin


Oxymetazoline is used for the temporary relief of nasal (of the nose) congestion or stuffiness caused by hay fever or other allergies, colds, or sinus trouble.


This medicine may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.


This medicine is available without a prescription.


Before Using Afrin


In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


Children may be especially sensitive to the effects of oxymetazoline. This may increase the chance of side effects during treatment.


Geriatric


Many medicines have not been tested in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults or if they cause different side effects or problems in older people. There is no specific information about the use of oxymetazoline in the elderly.


Breast Feeding


There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.


Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.


Other Medical Problems


The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:


  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus

  • Dry membranes in nose

  • Enlarged prostate—Difficulty urinating may worsen

  • Glaucoma

  • Heart or blood vessel disease or

  • High blood pressure—Oxymetazoline may make the condition worse

  • Overactive thyroid

Proper Use of oxymetazoline

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain oxymetazoline. It may not be specific to Afrin. Please read with care.


To use the nose drops:


  • Blow your nose gently. Tilt the head back while standing or sitting up, or lie down on a bed and hang the head over the side. Place the drops into each nostril and keep the head tilted back for a few minutes to allow the medicine to spread throughout the nose.

  • Rinse the dropper with hot water and dry with a clean tissue. Replace the cap right after use.

  • To avoid spreading the infection, do not use the container for more than one person.

To use the nose spray:


  • Blow your nose gently. With the head upright, spray the medicine into each nostril. Sniff briskly while squeezing the bottle quickly and firmly. For best results, spray once into each nostril, wait 3 to 5 minutes to allow the medicine to work, then blow the nose gently and thoroughly. Repeat until the complete dose is used.

  • Rinse the tip of the spray bottle with hot water, taking care not to suck water into the bottle, and dry with a clean tissue. Replace the cap right after use.

  • To avoid spreading the infection, do not use the container for more than one person.

Use this medicine only as directed. Do not use more of it, do not use it more often, and do not use it for longer than 3 days without first checking with your doctor. To do so may make your runny or stuffy nose worse and may also increase the chance of side effects.


Dosing


The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.


The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.


  • For nasal dosage form (nose drops or spray):
    • For nasal congestion or stuffiness:
      • Adults and children 6 years of age and older—Use 2 or 3 drops or sprays of 0.05% solution in each nostril every ten to twelve hours. Do not use more than two times in twenty four hours.

      • Children up to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.



Missed Dose


If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.


Storage


Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.


Keep out of the reach of children.


Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.


Afrin Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:


Symptoms of too much medicine being absorbed into the body


  • Blurred vision

  • fast, irregular, or pounding heartbeat

  • headache, dizziness, drowsiness, or lightheadedness

  • high blood pressure

  • nervousness

  • trembling

  • trouble in sleeping

  • weakness.

  • Increase in runny or stuffy nose

The above side effects are more likely to occur in children because there is a greater chance in children that too much of this medicine may be absorbed into the body.


Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


  • Burning, dryness, or stinging inside of nose

  • increase in nasal discharge

  • sneezing

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Afrin side effects (in more detail)



The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.


The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.


More Afrin resources


  • Afrin Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Afrin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Afrin Drug Interactions
  • Afrin Support Group
  • 1 Review for Afrin - Add your own review/rating


  • Afrin Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

  • Afrin Solution MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)



Compare Afrin with other medications


  • Nasal Congestion

Thursday, 10 May 2012

Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets


Pronunciation: SO-dee-uhm FLOR-ide
Generic Name: Sodium Fluoride
Brand Name: Examples include Fluor-A-Day and Luride


Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets are used for:

Preventing cavities in children older than 6 months old when the amount of fluoride in the water supply is too low.


Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets are a mineral. It works by strengthening the teeth and decreasing the effects of acid and bacteria on the teeth.


Do NOT use Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets

  • your drinking water has a fluoride content greater than 0.6 parts per million (ppm)

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets:


Some medical conditions may interact with Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

  • if you have joint pain, severe kidney problems, or stomach or intestinal ulcers

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets. However, no specific interactions with Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets are known at this time.


Ask your health care provider if Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets:


Use Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • Take Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets by mouth with or without food. Do not eat or drink dairy products within 1 hour before or 2 hours after you take Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets.

  • Do not take an antacid that has aluminum, calcium, or magnesium in it for several hours after you take Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets.

  • Chew Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets well before you swallow it.

  • If you miss a dose of Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets.



Important safety information:


  • Do not exceed the dose recommended by your doctor or dentist.

  • Notify your dentist if your teeth become spotted or stained.

  • Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets are not recommended for use in CHILDREN younger than 6 months old; safety and effectiveness in this age group have not been confirmed.

  • Caution is advised when using Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets in CHILDREN younger than 6 years old. The appropriate dose of Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets depends on the child's age and the amount of fluoride in the drinking water. Talk with your doctor if you have questions about the appropriate dose for your child or the amount of fluoride in your drinking water.

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant while taking Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets while pregnant. It is not known if Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets are found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you are using Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets, check with your doctor. Discuss the risks to your baby.


Possible side effects of Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. When used in small doses, no COMMON side effects have been reported with Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets. Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:



Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue).



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.


See also: Flour-A-Day side effects (in more detail)


If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include diarrhea; extreme thirst; increased drooling; muscle weakness; nausea; paleness of the skin; seizures; shallow, rapid breathing; shaking; stomach pain; vomiting; weak or fast heartbeat.


Proper storage of Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets:

Store Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets at room temperature, between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets are to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Flour-A-Day Chewable Tablets. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Flour-A-Day resources


  • Flour-A-Day Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Flour-A-Day Dosage
  • Flour-A-Day Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Flour-A-Day Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Flour-A-Day - Add your own review/rating


Compare Flour-A-Day with other medications


  • Prevention of Dental Caries

Tuesday, 8 May 2012

Levemir Penfill






Levemir



100 U/ml solution for injection in cartridge


Insulin detemir



Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine.


  • Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again

  • If you have any further questions, ask your doctor, nurse or pharmacist

  • This medicine has been prescribed for you. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, even if their symptoms are the same as yours

  • If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.



In this leaflet:


  • 1. What Levemir is and what it is used for

  • 2. Before you use Levemir

  • 3. How to use Levemir

  • 4. Possible side effects

  • 5. How to store Levemir

  • 6. Further information




What Levemir

is and what it is used for


Levemir is a modern insulin (insulin analogue) with a long-acting effect (up to 24 hours). Modern insulins are improved versions of human insulin.


Levemir is used to treat diabetes mellitus in adults, children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. It may be used in combination with oral antidiabetic medicines or with meal-related rapid acting insulin products.




Before you use Levemir



Do not use Levemir


  • If you are allergic (hypersensitive) to insulin detemir or any of the other ingredients of Levemir (see 6 Further information)

  • If you suspect hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) is starting (see 4 Possible side effects)

  • In insulin infusion pumps

  • If the cartridge or the device containing the cartridge is dropped, damaged or crushed

  • If it hasn’t been stored correctly or if it has been frozen (see 5 How to store Levemir)

  • If the insulin does not appear water clear and colourless.



Before using Levemir


  • Check the label to make sure it is the right type of insulin

  • Always check the cartridge, including the rubber plunger (stopper). Do not use it if any damage is seen or if there is a gap between the rubber plunger and the white label band. Take it back to your supplier. See your delivery system manual for further instructions

  • Disinfect the rubber membrane with a medicinal swab

  • Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.



Take special care with Levemir


  • If you have trouble with your kidneys or liver, or with your adrenal, pituitary or thyroid glands

  • If you are exercising more than usual or if you want to change your usual diet, as this may affect your blood sugar level

  • If you are ill: carry on taking your insulin and consult your doctor

  • If you are going abroad: travelling over time zones may affect your insulin needs and the timing of the injections. Consult your doctor if you are planning such travelling.

There is no experience with the use of Levemir in children below the age of 6 years. Therefore, only use Levemir in children below this age, if your doctor have specifically told you to.


As with all insulin products, in elderly patients and patients with renal or heparic impairment, glucose monitoring should be intensified and insulin detemir dosage adjusted on a individual basis.




Using other medicines


Some medicines affect the way glucose works in your body and this may influence your insulin dose. Listed below are the most common medicines, which may affect your insulin treatment. Tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines, including medicines obtained without a prescription. In particular, you should tell your doctor if you are using any medicine as mentioned below that affects your blood sugar level.



If you take any of the below medicine your blood sugar level may fall (hypoglycaemia):


  • Other medicines for the treatment of diabetes

  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) (used to treat depression)

  • Beta-blockers (used to treat high blood pressure)

  • Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (used to treat certain heart conditions or high blood pressure)

  • Salicylates (used to relieve pain and lower fever)

  • Anabolic steroids (such as testosterone)

  • Sulphonamides (used to treat infections).


If you take any of the below medicine your blood sugar level may rise (hyperglycaemia):


  • Oral contraceptives (birth control pills)

  • Thiazides (used to treat high blood pressure or excessive fluid retention)

  • Glucocorticoids (such as "cortisone" used to treat inflammation)

  • Thyroid hormones (use to treat thyroid gland disorders)

  • Sympathomimetics (such as epinephrine [adrenaline], or salbutamol, terbutaline used to treat asthma)

  • Growth hormone (medicine for stimulation of skeletal and somatic growth and pronounced influence on the body’s metabolic processes)

  • Danazol (medicine acting on ovulation).

Octreotide and lanreotide (used for treatment of acromegaly) may both increase or decrease your sugar level.


Beta-blockers (used to treat high blood pressure) may weaken or suppress entirely the first warning symptoms which help you to recognise a hypoglycaemia.




Taking Levemir with food and drink


  • If you are drinking alcohol your need for insulin may change, as your blood sugar level may either rise or fall. Carefull monitoring is recommended.



Pregnancy and breast-feeding


Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking any medicine.


  • If you are pregnant, planning a pregnancy or breast-feeding please contact your doctor for advice. Your insulin dosage may need to be changed during pregnancy particulary after delivery. Careful control of your diabetes, and prevention of hypoglycaemia, is important, for the health of your baby.



Driving and using machines


If your blood sugar is low or high your concentration and ability to react might be affected and therefore also your ability to drive or operate a machine. Bear in mind that you could endanger yourself or others. Please ask your doctor whether you can drive a car:


  • If you have frequent hypoglycaemias

  • If you find it hard to recognise hypoglycaemia.




How to use Levemir



Dosage


Talk about your insulin dose with your doctor and nurse. Do not change your insulin unless your doctor tells you to. Make sure you get the Levemir Penfill that your doctor and nurse have told you to use and follow their advice carefully. This leaflet is a general guide.


If your doctor has switched you from one type or brand of insulin to another, your dose may have to be adjusted by your doctor.




Frequency of administration


When Levemir is used in combination with an oral antidiabetic medicine, Levemir should be administered once a day. When Levemir is used as part of a basal-bolus insulin regimen Levemir should be administered once or twice daily depending on patients’ needs. Dosage of Levemir should be adjusted individually. For patients who require twice daily dosing to optimise blood glucose control, the evening dose can be administered in the evening or at bedtime.




Method of administration


Levemir is for injection under the skin (subcutaneously). Never inject your insulin directly into a vein (intravenously) or muscle (intramuscular). Always vary the sites you inject within the same region to avoid lumps (see 4 Possible side effects). The best places to give yourself an injection are: the front of your thighs, the front of your waist (abdomen), or the upper arm. You should always measure your blood glucose regularly.


  • Inject the insulin under the skin. Use the injection technique advised by your doctor or nurse and described in your delivery system manual

  • Keep the needle under your skin for at least 6 seconds to make sure that the full dose has been delivered

  • After each injection be sure to remove and discard the needle and store Levemir without the needle attached. Otherwise, the liquid may leak out, which can cause inaccurate dosing.

Do not refill the cartridge.


Levemir Penfill cartridges are designed to be used with Novo Nordisk insulin delivery systems and NovoFine needles.


If you are treated with Levemir Penfill and another insulin Penfill cartridge, you should use two insulin delivery systems, one for each type of insulin.




If you take more insulin than you should


If you take too much insulin your blood sugar gets too low (this is called hypoglycaemia or hypo). This may also happen:


  • If you eat too little or miss a meal

  • If you exercise more than usual.

The warning signs of a hypo may come on suddenly and can include: cold sweat; cool pale skin; headache; rapid heart beat; feeling sick; feeling very hungry; temporary changes in vision; drowsiness; unusual tiredness and weakness; nervousness or tremor; feeling anxious; feeling confused; difficulty in concentrating.


If you feel a hypo coming on: take a high sugar snack and then measure your blood sugar.


If your blood sugar is too low: eat glucose tablets or another high sugar snack (sweets, biscuits, fruit juice), then rest.


Always carry glucose tablets, sweets, biscuits or fruit juice with you, just in case.


When symptoms of hypoglycaemia have disappeared or when blood glucose level is stabilised continue insulin treatment.


Tell relevant people you have diabetes and what may be the consequences, including the risk of passing out due to a hypo.


Tell relevant people that if you pass out (become unconscious), they must turn you on your side and get medical help straight away. They must not give you any food or drink. It could choke you.


You may recover more quickly from unconsciousness with an injection of the hormone glucagon by someone who knows how to use it. If you are given glucagon you will need glucose or a sugary snack as soon as you are conscious. If you do not respond to glucagon treatment, you will have to be treated in a hospital. Contact your doctor or an emergency ward after an injection of glucagon: you need to find the reason for your hypo to avoid getting more.


  • If prolonged severe hypoglycaemia is not treated, it can cause brain damage (temporary or permanent) and even death

  • If you have a hypo that makes you pass out, or a lot of hypos, talk to your doctor. The amount or timing of insulin, food or exercise may need to be adjusted.



If you forget to take your insulin


If you forget to take your insulin your blood sugar may get too high (this is called hyperglycaemia). This may also happen:


  • If you repeatedly take less insulin than you need

  • If you get an infection or a fever

  • If you eat more than usual

  • If you exercise less than usual.

The warning signs appear gradually. They include: increased urination; feeling thirsty; losing your appetite; feeling sick (nausea or vomiting); feeling drowsy or tired; flushed, dry skin; dry mouth and a fruity (acetone) smell of the breath. If you get any of these signs: test your blood sugar level, test your urine for ketones if you can, then seek medical advice immediately.


These may be signs of a very serious condition called diabetic ketoacidosis. If you do not treat it, this could lead to diabetic coma and eventually death.




If you stop taking your insulin


This could lead to severe hyperglycaemia (very high blood sugar) and ketoacidosis (build-up of acid in the blood because the body is breaking down fat instead of sugar). Do not stop taking your insulin without speaking to a doctor, who will tell you what needs to be done.



If you have any further questions on the use of this product, ask your doctor or pharmacist.




Levemir Penfill Side Effects


Like all medicines, Levemir can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.


Side effects may occur with certain frequencies, which are defined as follows:


  • Very common: affects more than 1 user in 10

  • Common: affects 1 to 10 users in 100

  • Uncommon: affects 1 to 10 users in 1,000

  • Rare: affects 1 to 10 users in 10,000

  • Very rare: affects less than 1 user in 10,000

  • Not known: frequency cannot be estimated from the available data.


Uncommon side effects


Signs of allergy. Hives and rash may occur.


Seek medical advice immediately:


  • If the above signs of allergy appear, or

  • If you suddenly feel unwell, and you: start sweating; start being sick (vomiting); have difficulty in breathing; have a rapid heart beat; feel dizzy.

Vision problems. When you first start your insulin treatment, it may disturb your vision, but the disturbance is usually temporary.


Changes at the injection site (lipodystrophy). If you inject yourself too often at the same site, fatty tissue under the skin at this site may shrink (lipoatrophy) or thicken (lipohypertrophy). Changing the site with each injection may help to prevent such skin changes. If you notice your skin pitting or thickening at the injection site, tell your doctor or nurse because these reactions can become more severe, or they may change the absorption of your insulin if you inject in such a site.


Swollen joints. When you start taking insulin, water retention may cause swelling around your ankles and other joints. Normally this soon disappears.




Common side effects


Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia).


Injection site reactions (pain, redness, hives, inflammation, bruising, swelling and itching). These usually disappear after a few weeks of taking your insulin. If they do not disappear see your doctor. If you have serious or continuing reactions, you may need to stop using Levemir and use another insulin.




Rare side effects


Disturbed sensation. Fast improvement in blood glucose control may cause disturbed sensation (numbness, weakness or pain) in legs or arms. These symptoms normally disappear.




Very rare side effects


Serious allergic reaction to Levemir or one of its ingredients (called a generalised allergic reaction). See also the warning in 2 Before using Levemir.



If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.




How to store Levemir


Keep out of the reach and sight of children.


Do not use Levemir after the expiry date which is stated on the cartridge label and carton, after EXP. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.


Levemir Penfill that is not being used is to be stored in the refrigerator at 2°C - 8°C, away from the cooling element. Do not freeze.


Levemir Penfill that is being used or carried as a spare is not to be kept in the refrigerator. You can carry it with you and keep it at room temperature (below 30°C) for up to 6 weeks.


Always keep the cartridge in the outer carton when you are not using it in order to protect it from light.


Levemir must be protected from excessive heat and light.


Medicines should not be disposed of via waste water or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to dispose of medicines no longer required. These measures will help to protect the environment.




Further information



What Levemir contains


  • The active substance is insulin detemir. Each ml contains 100 U of insulin detemir. Each cartridge contains 300 U of insulin detemir in 3 ml solution for injection. 1 unit (U) insulin detemir corresponds to 1 international unit (IU) of human insulin

  • The other ingredients are: glycerol, phenol, metacresol, zinc acetate, disodium phosphate dihydrate, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and water for injections.



What Levemir looks like and contents of the pack


Levemir comes as a clear, colourless, aqueous solution.


Pack sizes of 1, 5 and 10 cartridges of 3 ml.


Not all packs may be marketed.




Marketing authorisation holder



Novo Nordisk A/S

Novo Allé

DK-2880 Bagsværd

Denmark




Manufacturer


The manufacturer can be identified by the batch number printed on the slip of the carton and on the label:


  • If the second and third characters are W5, S6, P5, K7, or ZF


Novo Nordisk A/S

Novo Allé

DK-2880 Bagsværd

Denmark


is the manufacturer


  • If the second and third characters are H7 or T6


Novo Nordisk Production SAS

45 Avenue d’Orléans F-28002 Chartres

France


is the manufacturer.





This leaflet was last approved in 04/2009



Levemir
, Penfill and NovoFine are trademarks owned by Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark


©2007/2009


Novo Nordisk A/S



8-0990-01-002-1





Saturday, 5 May 2012

Ecotrin


Generic Name: aspirin (oral) (AS pir in)

Brand Names: Arthritis Pain, Aspergum Cherry, Aspergum Orginal, Aspir 81, Aspir-Low, Aspirin Lite Coat, Aspirin Litecoat, Aspirin Low Dose, Aspirin Low Strength, Bayer Aspirin, Bayer Aspirin Regimen, Bayer Aspirin Sugar Free, Bayer Aspirin with Calcium, Bayer Childrens Aspirin, Bayer Low Strength, Bayer Plus, Buffered Aspirin, Bufferin, Bufferin Arthritis Strength, Bufferin Extra Strength, Easprin, Ecotrin, Ecotrin Adult Low Strength, Ecotrin Maximum Strength, Fasprin, Genacote, Halfprin, Litecoat Aspirin, Norwich Aspirin, St. Joseph Aspirin, St. Joseph Aspirin Adult Chewable, St. Joseph Aspirin Adult EC, Stanback Analgesic, Tri-Buffered Aspirin, YSP Aspirin, Zorprin


What is aspirin?

Aspirin is in a group of drugs called salicylates (sa-LIS-il-ates). It works by reducing substances in the body that cause pain, fever, and inflammation.


Aspirin is used to treat mild to moderate pain, and also to reduce fever or inflammation. Aspirin is sometimes used to treat or prevent heart attacks, strokes, and chest pain (angina). Aspirin should be used for cardiovascular conditions only under the supervision of a doctor.


Aspirin may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.


What is the most important information I should know about aspirin?


There are many brands and forms of aspirin available and not all brands are listed on this leaflet.


Aspirin should not be given to a child or teenager who has a fever, especially if the child also has flu symptoms or chicken pox. Aspirin can cause a serious and sometimes fatal condition called Reye's syndrome in children.

Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have any symptoms of bleeding in your stomach or intestines. Symptoms include black, bloody, or tarry stools, and coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds.


Avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking aspirin. Alcohol may increase your risk of stomach bleeding.

Aspirin is sometimes used to treat or prevent heart attacks, strokes, and chest pain (angina). Aspirin should be used for cardiovascular conditions only under the supervision of a doctor.


What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking aspirin?


Aspirin should not be given to a child or teenager who has a fever, especially if the child also has flu symptoms or chicken pox. Aspirin can cause a serious and sometimes fatal condition called Reye's syndrome in children. Do not use this medication if you are allergic to aspirin, or if you have:

  • a recent history of stomach or intestinal bleeding;




  • a bleeding disorder such as hemophilia; or




  • an allergy to an NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) such as Advil, Motrin, Aleve, Orudis, Indocin, Lodine, Voltaren, Toradol, Mobic, Relafen, Feldene, and others.



If you have any of these other conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take aspirin:



  • asthma or seasonal allergies;




  • stomach ulcers;



  • liver disease;

  • kidney disease;


  • a bleeding or blood clotting disorder;




  • heart disease, high blood pressure, or congestive heart failure;




  • gout; or




  • nasal polyps.




If you are taking aspirin to prevent heart attack or stroke, avoid also taking ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin). Ibuprofen may make aspirin less effective in protecting your heart and blood vessels. If you must use both medications, take the ibuprofen at least 8 hours before or 30 minutes after you take the aspirin (non-enteric coated form). This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby's heart, and may also reduce birth weight or have other dangerous effects. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while you are taking aspirin. Aspirin can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take aspirin?


Use this medication exactly as directed on the label, or as it has been prescribed by your doctor. Do not use the medication in larger or smaller amounts, or use it for longer than recommended.


Take this medication with a full glass of water. Taking aspirin with food or milk can lessen stomach upset. Enteric-coated aspirin is specially formulated to be gentle on your stomach, but you may take it with food or milk if desired. Do not crush, chew, break, or open an enteric-coated or extended-release pill. Swallow the pill whole. The enteric-coated pill has a special coating to protect your stomach. Breaking the pill could damage this coating. The extended-release tablet is specially made to release medicine slowly in the body. Breaking this pill would cause too much of the drug to be released at one time.

The chewable tablet form of aspirin must be chewed before swallowing.


Keep the orally disintegrating tablet in its package until you are ready to take the medicine. Open the package and peel the back cover from the tablet. Using dry hands, place the tablet into your mouth. It will begin to dissolve right away, without water. Do not swallow the tablet whole. Allow it to dissolve in your mouth without chewing.


If you need to have any type of surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are taking aspirin. You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time.


Do not take this medication if you smell a strong vinegar odor in the aspirin bottle. The medicine may no longer be effective. Store aspirin at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?


Since aspirin is often used as needed, you may not be on a dosing schedule. If you are using the medication regularly, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and wait until your next regularly scheduled dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.


What happens if I overdose?


Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.

Overdose symptoms may include ringing in your ears, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, rapid breathing, fever, seizure (convulsions), or coma.


What should I avoid while taking aspirin?


Do not use any other over-the-counter medication without first asking your doctor or pharmacist. Aspirin is contained in many medicines available over the counter. If you take certain products together you may accidentally take too much aspirin. Read the label of any other medicine you are using to see if it contains aspirin.

Avoid taking an NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) while you are taking aspirin. NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), diclofenac (Voltaren), diflunisal (Dolobid), etodolac (Lodine), flurbiprofen (Ansaid), indomethacin (Indocin), ketoprofen (Orudis), ketorolac (Toradol), mefenamic acid (Ponstel), meloxicam (Mobic), nabumetone (Relafen), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), piroxicam (Feldene), and others.


Avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking aspirin. Alcohol may increase your risk of stomach bleeding. Avoid taking ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) if you are taking aspirin to prevent stroke or heart attack. Ibuprofen can make aspirin less effective in protecting your heart and blood vessels. If you must use both medications, take the ibuprofen at least 8 hours before or 30 minutes after you take the aspirin (non-enteric coated form).

Aspirin side effects


Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

  • black, bloody, or tarry stools;




  • coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds;




  • severe nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain;




  • fever lasting longer than 3 days;




  • swelling, or pain lasting longer than 10 days; or




  • hearing problems, ringing in your ears.



Less serious side effects may include:



  • upset stomach, heartburn;




  • drowsiness; or




  • headache.



This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.


What other drugs will affect aspirin?


Tell your doctor if you are taking an antidepressant such as citalopram (Celexa), duloxetine (Cymbalta), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, Symbyax), fluvoxamine (Luvox), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), or venlafaxine (Effexor). Taking any of these drugs with aspirin may cause you to bruise or bleed easily.


Before taking aspirin, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:



  • a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin); or




  • another salicylate such as choline salicylate and/or magnesium salicylate (Magan, Doan's, Bayer Select Backache Pain Formula, Mobidin, Arthropan, Trilisate, Tricosal), or salsalate (Disalcid).



This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with aspirin. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.



More Ecotrin resources


  • Ecotrin Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Ecotrin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Drug Images
  • Ecotrin Drug Interactions
  • Ecotrin Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Ecotrin - Add your own review/rating


  • Ecotrin Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

  • Ecotrin Delayed-Release Tablets MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Aspirin Monograph (AHFS DI)

  • Aspirin MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Aspirin Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • ZORprin Controlled-Release Tablets MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)



Compare Ecotrin with other medications


  • Angina
  • Angina Pectoris Prophylaxis
  • Ankylosing Spondylitis
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • Aseptic Necrosis
  • Back Pain
  • Fever
  • Heart Attack
  • Ischemic Stroke
  • Ischemic Stroke, Prophylaxis
  • Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Kawasaki Disease
  • Myocardial Infarction, Prophylaxis
  • Niacin Flush
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Pain
  • Prosthetic Heart Valves
  • Prosthetic Heart Valves, Mechanical Valves
  • Revascularization Procedures, Prophylaxis
  • Rheumatic Fever
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Sciatica
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Thromboembolic Stroke Prophylaxis
  • Transient Ischemic Attack


Where can I get more information?


  • Your pharmacist can provide more information about aspirin.

See also: Ecotrin side effects (in more detail)